notes-abstract-categorizations-catChOnto

Ontologies

note: the medieval idea of the Great Chain of Being was an ontological one, but we cover it in Indexing Schemes because in content, if not in goal, it was similar to modern indexing schemes.

in this chapter we ignore many important distinctions between ontologies, instead only concentrating on the list of 'top level nodes' in (upper) ontologies

in this chapter, so far, we have been interested only in categorizations of entities/things/objects, rather than of relations. TODO: list most common/important/fundamental relations/categories of relations.

todo [1] (if any)

UMBEL

http://techwiki.umbel.org/index.php/UMBEL_Specification#Terminology_Challenges

"The UMBEL Vocabulary defines three classes: RefConcept?, SuperType?, and Qualifier; and 38 properties: correspondsTo, isAbout, isRelatedTo, relatesToXXX (31 variants), isLike, hasMapping, hasCharacteristic and isCharacteristicOf." -- http://techwiki.umbel.org/index.php/UMBEL_Vocabulary

"Reference Concepts are a distinct subset of the more broadly understood concept such as used in the SKOS RDFS controlled vocabulary or formal concept analysis or the very general or abstract concepts common to some upper ontologies. Reference Concepts are selected for their use as concrete, subject-related or commonly used notions for describing tangible ideas and referents in human experience and language. Reference Concepts are classes, the members of which are nameable instances or named entities, which by definition are held as distinct from these concepts. The UMBEL ontology is a coherently organized structure (or reference "backbone") of these Reference Concepts.

SuperTypes? are a collection of (mostly) similar Reference Concepts. Most of the SuperType? classes have been designed to be (mostly) disjoint from the other SuperType? classes. SuperTypes? thus provide a higher-level of clustering and organization of Reference Concepts for use in user interfaces and for reasoning purposes.

The Qualifier class is a set of descriptions that indicate the method used in order to establish an isAbout or correspondsTo relationship between an UMBEL reference concept (RC) and an external entity. This description should be complete enough to aid understanding of the nature and reliability of the "aboutness" assertion and to be usable for filtering or user interface information. The descriptions may be literal strings or may refer to literal numeric values resulting from an automated alignment technique. " -- http://techwiki.umbel.org/index.php/UMBEL_Vocabulary

umbel 32 'SuperType?'s in 9 clusters ('dimensions'):

http://techwiki.umbel.org/index.php/UMBEL_Specification#SuperType_Dimensions

Note the last two dimensions (and four SuperTypes?) are by definition non-disjoint.

SUMO

http://virtual.cvut.cz/kifb/en/toc/118.html :

root node: entity

BFO

http://ifomis.uni-saarland.de/bfo/txt from http://ifomis.uni-saarland.de/bfo/

root node 'Entity'

GIST

http://semanticarts.com/gist

GFO

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_formal_ontology

root node: entity

schema.org types

http://schema.org/docs/gs.html#schemaorg_types

commonly used types:

http://schema.org/docs/full.html

(only root node and level 2 shown)

root node Thing.

DOLCE

http://www.meteck.org/files/ESWC11KeetFoundOntoExp.pdf fig. 1

DOLCE-lite_mini:

root node: thing subroot node: particular

bigger (also has eg Fact):

http://www.ontology4.us/Ontologies/Upper-Ontologies/Dolce%20Ontology/index.html

^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^Abstract ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^AbstractQuality? ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^AbstractRegion? ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^Accomplishment ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^Achievement ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^AgentivePhysicalObject? ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^AmountOfMatter? ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^ArbitrarySum? ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^Endurant ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^Entity ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^Event ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^Fact ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^Feature ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^MentalObject? ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^NonAgentivePhysicalObject? ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^NonPhysicalEndurant? ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^NonPhysicalObject? ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^Perdurant ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^PhysicalEndurant? ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^PhysicalObject? ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^PhysicalQuality? ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^PhysicalRegion? ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^Process ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^Quality ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^Region ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^Set ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^SocialAgent? ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^SocialObject? ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^Society ^DolceOntology? <>Aggregate ^SpaceRegion? ^DolceOntology?