notes-history-summary-histChEuropeLateModern

This collection of notes is part of [1].

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernism "Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries"

When evaluating the Communist Revolution in Russia, keep in mind that the lower classes were quite oppressed before the revolution, eg https://www.marxists.org/history/archive/brailsford/1927/soviets-work/ch01.htm

in Britain: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_era ~1832-1901 (1832 is passage of Reform Act of 1832; Victoria's reign started in 1837) end of the https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire#Britain.27s_imperial_century_.281815.E2.80.931914.29 Britain's imperial century (1815–1914)