Ostrom's design principals for avoiding the tragedy of the commons, as summarized by David Sloan Wilson at evonomics.com/tragedy-of-the-commons-elinor-ostrom/ : " Clearly defined boundaries (DP1) meant that members knew they were part of a group and what the group was about (e.g., fisherman with access to a bay or farmers managing an irrigation system). Proportional equivalence of costs and benefits (DP2) meant that members had to earn their benefits and couldn t just appropriate them. Collective choice arrangements (DP3) meant that group members had to agree upon decisions so nobody could be bossed around. Monitoring (DP4) and graduated sanctions (DP5) meant that disruptive self-serving behaviors could be detected and punished. Fast and fair conflict resolution (DP6) meant that the group would not be torn apart by internal conflicts of interest. Local autonomy (DP7) meant that the group had the elbow room to manage its own affairs. Appropriate relations with other tiers of rule making authority (DP8) meant that everything regulating the conduct of individuals within a given group also was needed to regulate conduct among groups in a multi group population. "
paraphrased in Wilson's https://www.prosocialgroups.org/
1. strong group identity and understanding of purpose 2. fair distribution of costs and benefits 3. fair and inclusive decision-making 4. monitoring agreed-upon behaviors 5. graduated sanctions for misbehaviors 6. fast and fair conflict resolution 7. authority to self-govern 8. appropriate relations with other groups