books-programmingLanguages-programmingLanguagesChPreprocLangs

Table of Contents for Programming Languages: a survey

Chapter : metaprogramming via preprocessor languages

m4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M4_%28computer_language%29

Turing-complete

http://www.gnu.org/software/m4/

C preprocessor

not Turing-complete

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_preprocessor#As_a_general-purpose_preprocessor_.28GPP.29

C++ templates

Turing-complete